Rochelle Kopp, Ohono Kazumoto「英語の品格」ﾒﾓ
Rochelle Kopp, Ohono Kazumoto「英語の品格」メモ
第3章 品のある英語に仕上げるためのスパイス
ビジネス実践編１---------------------------------
spell it (all) outの重要性
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・英語では１から１０まできちんと説明することが好ましいとされる。
・１から１０まで説明することを英語で spell it (all) out（詳細に説明する）と言う。
・物事を筋道立てて論理的に説明することは、アメリカ社会において非常に重要なスキル。例1：問題を指摘するとき
・良いところをほめてから問題または改善点を指摘する。Thanks for your hard work preparing this plan. Overall it looks very good. There is one portion, however, that I have concerns about and would like you revise.
例2：ミスの注意
・アメリカでは大人が大人を「叱る」ことはない。
・叱るのは、大人が子供に対して行う行為。
・冷静に相手に問題点を説明しなければならない。
・人のミスを注意するときは、以下の３つのステップを踏む
1. 問題の行動は何だったかについて説明する。
2. 理由を説明する。何が悪いかについて説明する。
3. 何をしてほしいのかについて説明する。1.I just talked to kathy Smith at Acme Corp. She is very upset about the order she just received. It's missing two parts.
2.When this kind of thing happens, it damages our customer relationships and we could even lose a customer.
3.First of all, please send the missing parts to her immediately. Second, I want a detailed report from you explaining why this happend and how we can prevent similar problems in the future.
例3：謝罪するとき
・アメリカでは自分の行動について謝るときに説明を加えないと、納得してもらえなかったり、誠実でないと思われてしまう。
・任されていた仕事がうまくいかなかったとき、なぜその仕事ができなかったかを説明しなければならない。I bit off more than I could chew.
I got really over-extended.
I'm afraid that I was over-optimistic.
There were a lot of unanticipated things that came up.
I misjudged the situation.
Nobody could have prediected some of the things that happened
I did my best, but unrotunatley this time that wasn't enough.
This was a particularly challengin assignment.
I feel very badly about this. I'll make sure it doesn't happen again.
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短くぶっきらぼうでなく、完結した文章で会話することが大切
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a. 飲み物を注文するとき
× Coffe, please!
○ May I have a cup of coffee?
b ホテルでチェックアウトするとき
× Check out, please.
○ I'd like to check out.
I'm ready to check out.
I'm checking out from room 27.c タクシーを呼ぶとき
× Taxi, please.
○ Please call a cab for me.
Please call me a cab.
I need a cab. Would you please call one?ドアマンに頼む場合
○ Please hail me a cab.
I'm going to Lincoln Center. I need a cab.
d 試着したいとき
× Can I try?
○ I'd like to try this on.
May I try this on?
Could you show me to the dressing [fitting] room?e プレセントを包んでほしいとき
× Wrapping, please.
○ Do you have gift wrapping available?
Are you able to do gift wrapping?
Would you be able to gift-wrap this?
I'd like to have this gift-wrapped.
What kind of gift wrapping do you offer?
This is going to be a gift. Would it be possible to wrap it?
× Show me a gift for my mother.
○ Would you be able to help me choose a gift for my mother?
I'd like your advise on a gift for my mother.
Could you recommend something as a givt for my mother?
Could you recommend a nice gift for my mother?
I'm looking for something for my mother.
f プレゼントを渡すとき
× Please accept this.
○ This is just a small token of my appreciation.
I thought you would like something like this.
× This is not a good present.
○ I thought blue would be a nice color for you.
I hope that you can put this to good use.
Please use this in good health.
I hope you'll like this.
I hope this will brighten your day.
This is just a litte something I picked up for you in my hometown.
I got this for you when I was on vacation.
This is just a small souvenir from Tokyo.
I was in Hokkaido last week and bought this there.
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What if ... ? を使いこなす
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・What if...?（代わりに・・・したらどうですか？）という英語を使うと、やわらかい表現になる。
・動詞は過去形にする。× Why can't you make fewer mistakes?
○ What if we adopted a new checking prodedure?
× Why can't you get to work on time?
○ What if we talked abotu what's causing you to be late?
× Why can't you write a better report?
○ What if we sent you to a class where you couod learn some report-writhing tips?
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提案の方法
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・What if ...?を使った表現は、提案する際にも使える。
・次のように提案したあと、
You might want to try beige for this room.
I suggest you try beige for this room.次のように付け加えるとさらに話がスムーズになる。
Beige would really look good in this room.
Have you considered using beige in this room?
I saw a similar room painted beige and it looked great.
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仮定法を使いこなす
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・提案をするとき、仮定法を使うことで、間接的で押し付けがましくない印象になる。If I were you ...
If I were in your shoes, ...
If I were in your place, ...
If it were me, I would ...
・仮定法を使うかどうかは気持ちの強さにより変わる。
・「もし本を書くなら・・・」と言うとき、書かない気持ちのほうが強い場合、仮定法を使う。
If I were going to write a book, I would write a novel.・書きたいという気持ちのほうが強い場合は、現在形を使う。
When I write a book, it's going to be a novel.
・少なくとも一度断られている場合
If only you would marry me!
・後悔の念を表す場合
If only that hadn't happened.
・そのほかの例
He could have done a better job.
I could have done better myself.
I couldn't be happier.（最高にうれしいです）
I would if I could.
I wish that I could.
That kind of noise could drive a person crazy.
I could have been a star
I wouldn't want to try that
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ﾈｶﾞﾃｨﾌﾞなﾆｭｱﾝｽの強い単語を使うと品位が下がる
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・hateは「許せないくらい嫌い」という強いニュアンスをもつ。
・否定的な意味の強い単語を使うことは、品が良いとは言えない。
× I hate it when you do that.
○ I do not feel very comfortable when you do that.
× That drawing is bad.
○ That drawing needs improvement.
× The result was no good.
○ There were issues with the result.
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客観的な言い方をする
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・客観的な言い方は、「自分の意見ではない」と示すことにより、「私」が「あなた」を批判していないと強調できる。○Some people might say that your strategy is not effective.
Some people might think that ...
SOme people might draw the conclusion that ...
×That is unfair.
○That could give the appearance of unfairness.
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疑問文を平叙文で言うと品格が上がる
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・何かを依頼する場合、平叙文を使う方が洗練された印象を与えることができる。×Do you have time to help me with this project?
○I was wondering if you might have time to help me with this project.
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表現を和らげることは品格につながる
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・ネガティブなことを言わなければならない場合、婉曲的表現を使う。×This is a problem.
○There seems to be problem.
There might be a problem.
×There's a problem with the battery.
○It looks like there's a problem with the battery.
It sounds like there's something wrong with ...
I suspect that there's ...
My guess is that there's ...
It's possible that there's ...
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英語で「本音」と「建て前」にあたるものはあるか？
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1. little white lie
2. bending the truth
3. political correctness
4. toeing the party line
5. being diplomatic
6. stretching the truth
7. being vague on purpose
8. feflexive optimism
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英語の「建て前」と「本音」ー実践編
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1. little white lie（善意からくる小さな嘘）
2. bending the truth（事実を歪める）
3. political correctness（差別的意見をもっていても、それを口にしない。社会で「正しい」と思われている言葉を使う）
4.toeing the party line（自分の考えと違っていても、自分が属している組織のコンセンサスや綱領に沿った発言をする）
5. being diplomatic（外交官のように、否定的な情報を控えめに言う、角を立てずにうまく話す）
6. stretching the truth（事実を誇張する）
7. being vague on purpose（わざと曖昧に言う）
8. reflexive optimism（反射的な楽観主義）
